How are tension and suspense created in The Signalman and...

How are tension and suspense created in The Signalman and The Red Room? My aim is to analyse the way which tension suspense is built up in two Victorian stories – ‘The Red Room’ (by H.G Wells) and ‘The Signalman’ (by Charles Dickens). These two successful authors were both well known for using suspense and tension in their stories. Wells has written many classical books, which include â€Å"The Time Machine† and â€Å"War of the Worlds†. Dickens has written other illustrious books, such as â€Å"Christmas Carol†, â€Å"Great Expectations†, and â€Å"Oliver Twist†. Also in my analysis I will be briefly mentioning â€Å"The Clubfooted Grocer† (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle), â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† (by W. Jacobs) and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by (Edgar Allan Poe). All†¦show more content†¦The title itself, ‘The Red Room’, indicates the overall nature of the story. The colour red is a very strong colour and is generally associated with danger or warning. This colour is also largely used in ‘The Signalman’; â€Å"Standing by the red light near the tunnel†. This is trying to give an indication of danger and alertness. It also makes you wonder why the ghost is there and why is it by the red light. It may be to warn the signalman of danger lying ahead. Both these short stories start off at bizarre scenes. The perilous railway and the spooky castle set a sense of mystery straight away at the start. They also begin with direct speech, which attracts the reader’s attention straight from the beginning. When the speech engages the reader, they want to read on and find out more. ‘The Red Room’ begins with; â€Å"I can assure you, that it would take a very tangible ghost to frighten me.† This engages the reader into the situation and the topic and briefly tells them the main theme of the whole story straight away. The author does not directly refer to the characters by their name, which creates a sense of the unknown. â€Å"The man with the withered arm†. Telling the name of the characters would be to revealing, and HG Wells intends to keep the characters mysterious. In â€Å"The Signalman†, an unnamed narrator shouts the words; â€Å"Halloa! Below there!† Again, the use of direct speech engages theShow MoreRelated The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth692 Words   |  3 PagesThe Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of these two stories. A critical comparison of The Signalman and the Red Room which are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of these two stories. The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G.Wells are bothRead More The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells3559 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells To be denied of information as a reader is far more powerful than to know the truth. In this assignment I will be looking at the two short stories written in the 1800’s: â€Å"The Red Room† by H.G.Wells where a man goes into an apparently haunted room and although he is warned by other old characters he does not listen and the tension builds up as he goes into the room where fear gets the better of him in a room which might Read MoreThe Language in The Red Room by H G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens597 Words   |  3 PagesThe Language in The Red Room by H G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens Throughout, The Signalman has suspense and the tension is gripping, as the author, Dickens, has used exceedingly good description in the language and the setting is just perfect. Dickens had an advantage when writing this story as there were similarities between himself and some of the characters; since he had been involved in a train accident himself. He creates mystery in this book veryRead MoreHow Writers of 19th Century Stories Create Tension and Suspense1456 Words   |  6 PagesHow Writers of 19th Century Stories Create Tension and Suspense The writers in 19th century stories create tension and suspense through the use of gothic horror. This style of writing is designed to frighten and panic and cause dread and alarm. It innovates our hidden worst fears often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience. Horrors effectively centre on the dark side of life, the forbidden, Read MoreEssay on The Signalman by Charles Dickens3739 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens Halloa! Below there! †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A small expression that once understood strikes you with an essence of alarm, fear and intrigue. Throughout the short story of The Signalman, this quote was used several times and was repeated by several characters. Coincidence? Charles Dickens invites you to decide. This dissertation from www.coursework.info For the duration of this half term we have studied numerous short stories from the book Telling Tales. Throughout thisRead MoreThe Use of Language in The Red Room and The Signalman Essay2418 Words   |  10 PagesHow is language used to create atmosphere in The Red Room and The Signalman? In this essay I will be comparing two stories The Signalman and The Red Room, I will be looking at the language techniques and how they are used throughout the stories. All language techniques are used for a reason and in this case it is used to create atmosphere and also keep the readers attention. The stories are both Victorian and remembered for their supernatural content as well as the actual story. The SignalmanRead More The Signalman, by Charles Dickens; The Battler by Ernest Hemingway2784 Words   |  12 PagesThe Signalman, by Charles Dickens; The Battler by Ernest Hemingway - In what way do the two authors create and maintain interest and suspense in their stories? In Charles Dickens The Signalman the story starts by introducing the main character (a railway signalman). Another character is also introduced: the narrator. Dickens describes the signalman as a dark sallow man and as having a dark beard and heavy eyebrows. It seems that Dickens wishes to portray the signalman as a darkRead More The Signalman by Charles Dickens, The Adventure of the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman3758 Words   |  16 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens, The Adventure of the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman People have written short stories for hundreds of years; however it was not until the 19th century that they really became popular. Short stories were the ideal form for writers who wanted to earn some immediate money and reach a wide audience. As more people were given the chance of receiving basic education, literacy rates improved and moreRead More This essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story2235 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story writers of the period; Dickens’ The Signal Man, The Monkeys Paw’ by W W Jacobs, H G Wells The Red Room and The Dream Woman by Wilkie Collins. LOOKING AT THE ATTUTUDES OF THE PERIOD, EXAMINE HOW A RANGE OF 19TH CENTURY WRITERS CREATE MYSTERY AND SUSPENSE IN THEIR SHORT SHORIES The rise in popularity of magazines in Victorian times and the era’s fascination in the unknown and supernatural led to immense interest in theRead MoreThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and Harry by Rosemary Timperley1831 Words   |  8 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and Harry by Rosemary Timperley After reading The Signalman by Charles Dickens and Harry by Rosemary Timperley, I have come to the conclusion that I prefer Harry. Both stories, however, are brilliantly written ghost stories with well-created atmospheres and plots that create tension and suspense. The Signalman, by Charles Dickens, is a pre-20th century story which is set in the 1800s. It takes place by a train line and in a

The Failures Of The Public School System Essay - 1303 Words

The Failures of the Public School System All across the United States, there are schools that are struggling financially and culturally due to different socio-economic challenges. Some of these challenges cannot be avoided, although many of them could be avoided. One of these problems that could be avoided is the act of institutionalized separation of rich and poor. If integration was more focused the school systems in certain parts of a city would not be understaffed and underfunded. In the documentary Waiting for Superman there were many different points made by the filmmaker that in the modern Education system people are believing that teachers are the only ones responsible for the success of their students. In the film states that people should not â€Å"wait for Superman to come to the rescue; look in the mirror. We need to understand that it is not just the schools and teachers that are accountable for students performance†. This idea can be seen not only in the film, but in Sheryll Cashin’s The Failu res of Integration. A piece of literature that discusses the modern education system and the organizations within them in the United States. Waiting for Superman argues that the public school system in the United States is failing due to poor performing teachers in schools. When The Failures of Integration argues that race and socioeconomic impact is more important than the teachers in the failing schools. Schools in large city centers are failing faster than schools inShow MoreRelatedPost Secondary Public School Systems873 Words   |  4 Pagesof organizational change to post-secondary public school systems is the exact jumpstart that this environment truly needs. Indeed, this particular approach is especially applicable to post-secondary public school systems because it places a strong focus on the change aspect of organizational change, taking steps to improve with every failure. This is useful because this environment is one of live and learn. That is, post-secondary public sc hool systems oftentimes rely on management theories thatRead More So Rich, So Poor by Peter Edelman Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes that Edelman describes at length are the purported failure of the economy to help those most in need and the negative effects of the increase in the number of single-parent households (32). While I agree with Edelman that these factors have influenced current trends in poverty, I argue that the deeper issue at hand (and one that is alluded to often in Edelman’s argument) is the structural failure of the American public education system to provide access to equitable and adequate levels of educationRead MoreSchool Choice In Public Schools1339 Words   |  6 Pages BACKGROUND In schools the state rates as Underperforming or Lowest Five Percent, more than 60 percent of students were reported as falling below minimum learning standards in reading, math, science, and writing. Some of these schools showed extraordinary levels of failure in educating students. In 2010, the state found the number of â€Å"F† schools, ranked Struggling to be 168 schools. In 2016, the state Index found the number of â€Å"F† schools, ranked Underperforming or Lowest Five Percent increased byRead MoreFailing The Children Of Success1507 Words   |  7 PagesWhile this may seem absurd, this is the current trend of students that our educational system is producing in the United States. In the early years of the twentieth century, America once boasted in an academic system that produced â€Å"exceptional† students at all levels of science, math, and literature but as of now, has begun to produce more and more gradually a below-standard quality of students; with high school graduates that have a below minimum grasp of mathematics and a reading level close toRead MoreEducation Through The Attainment Of Literacy1650 Words   |  7 Pagescontrast, African-American viewed literacy as a component of emancipation and participation in societal institutions on an equal basis. Many African-American activists have thought for blacks by creating different institution such as churches and schools for young blacks to get an education. This period might thought as one in which the seeds of literacy were introduced but without hardship and opposition. Higher education was viewed as a privilege for blacks and it was subjected to a debate. AsRead MoreEducation Failure Of The Great Depression863 Words   |  4 Pages Education Failure, the Great Depression revived in America After escaping the tyranny of England, and arriving to the America to establish both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States, American leaders Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, acknowledge that the American Dream could not truthfully be established, without education being one of the priority components constituent of it. They wanted everyone the right to have equality and no social statusRead MoreIdiot Nation, Michael Moore, Critical Essay Critique1280 Words   |  6 Pageseducational system in the United States of America. Moore brings to light his view on the failures of the educational system and the lack of financing that has been caused from the top of the food chain. Politicians as well as American corporations contribute to the decline in education according to Moore. He attempts to give the reader a clear picture of where America places the importance of educational funding. He follows-up with detailed examples on what districts and schools resort to inRead MorePublic Education : The United States912 Words   |  4 Pages Public education is a good that is privileged to everyone in the United States. While education may seem extensive and unnecessary, especially to youth, achieving an education has benefitted people through the history of the U.S., which in turn benefits the U.S.’s welfare. When Thomas Jefferson advocated the opening of public schools in the early 1800s, his plan was only half fulfilled; only wealthy communities could afford public schools (Watson 2). This remained true until the early to mid 1900sRead MorePublic Education System For Education1688 Words   |  7 PagesIt is every child’s right to have access to a public education system that will provide quality education for success in life. Yet far today far too many children, especially those from poor and minority families, are limited to at risk by school systems with a lower quality of education while students in a low poverty community receive a higher quality of education. It is frustrating that even when socio- economic statuses are rapidly merging and changing that an educational achievement gap stillRead MoreThemes Of Education In Waiting For Superman1523 Words   |  7 Pagesbe offered. Dramatic change and the best education able to be offered are widely associated with charter schools throughout the film. Statistics and comparisons further aid the viewer to conceptualize the importance of charter schools and their beneficial impact on a child’s education. Metaphors are also relied on to emphasize the ability education has to produce a life of success or failure. Waiting for Superman is a work utilized to bring attention to issues of education nationwide with personal

Vitamin C Free Essays

Vitamin C –A Natural Antioxidant Concept: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant. The amount of vitamin C content in food can be found out by titrating with an oxidising agent, e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Vitamin C or any similar topic only for you Order Now iodine. In the reaction, vitamin C is oxidised, while iodine is reduced to iodide ions. The endpoint is determined by the formation of blue-black starch-iodine complex when all vitamin C is oxidised and excess iodine is free to react with the starch solution added as indicator. Introduction Vitamin C is an important component of a healthy diet. A well-balanced, healthy diet should ensure that there is enough vitamin C to prevent scurvy and other potential health problems. However, if taken in extreme excess, it may also cause harm to our body. Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits such as oranges, limes and grapefruits, and vegetables including tomatoes and green pepper. Vitamin C is easily damaged during food preparation. Moreover, the amount of vitamin C in most foods is usually high enough that the quantity remaining after processing is more than enough for a daily supply. DCPIP is often used as the reagent to test for vitamin C. The amount of vitamin C in a food sample can be found out by titrating with DCPIP as vitamin C can reduce blue DCPIP to colourless. However, it is sometimes difficult to ascertain the endpoint of the titration due to incomplete decolourisation of DCPIP. In this experiment, iodine and starch solutions are used instead of DCPIP to find out the amount of vitamin C in food sample. When iodine solution is added to the food sample, vitamin C is oxidised, while the iodine is reduced to iodide ions. During the reaction, iodine added is immediately reduced to iodide as long as there is any vitamin C present. Once all the vitamin C has been oxidised, the excess iodine will react with the starch indicator, giving a blue-black starch-iodine complex. This is the endpoint and it allows you to estimate the amount of vitamin C in the food sample. Materials ? ? ? 0. 1 % starch solution fruit / vegetable sample (e. g. green pepper, kiwifruit orange) iodine solution (0. 5 g iodine dissolved in 100 ml of 1% potassium iodide solution) ? itamin C solution (1000 mg vitamin C tablet dissolved in 1 litre of distilled/deionised water) ? ? ? ? beaker dropper (1 ml) test tube test tube rack Fig. 1 Materials for the activity Activity: The amount of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables 1. Label four test tubes for holding different sample solutions: vitamin C solution (C), green pepper (G), kiwifruit (K) and orange (O) juices. (Please refer to p. 4 for methods of extraction of fruit juices. ) 2. 3. Ad d 1 ml of vitamin C solution and 5 drops of starch solution into the test tube labeled C. Add iodine solution drop by drop into the test tube until the appearance of permanent trace of blue-black colour. Record the number of drops of iodine solution added. (Note: shake the test tube gently to mix the content after adding each drop of iodine solution). 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for three times and calculate the average number of drops of iodine solution added. 5. 6. 7. Calculate the amount of vitamin C in 1 ml of the vitamin C solution. Repeat steps 2 to 4 for green pepper (G), kiwifruit (K) and orange (O) juices. Tabulate the results and calculate the amount of vitamin C in 1 ml juice of each fruit / vegetable sample. 2 Type of solution Vitamin C solution Green pepper juice Kiwifruit juice Orange juice Average number of drops of iodine solution added Amount of vitamin C in 1 ml solution (mg) Questions for discussion: 1. Would you get the same results if the experiment was repeated after several days using the same solutions? Why? 2. If the orange juice has been left in the refrigerator for a week, what will happen to the amount of vitamin C in the orange juice? Why? Further investigation 1. Investigating the amount of vitamin C in prepackaged fruit juices purchased from the supermarket Some prepackaged fruit juices may contain less amount of vitamin C than that marked in the label. Design an investigation to find out if this is the case. Discuss the experimental design with your classmate before carrying out the investigation. Write a report of your investigation. 2. Investigating the content of antioxidant in green tea Most green tea manufacturers claimed that their products have rich antioxidant components, such as vitamin C. Design an investigation to compare the antioxidant content in different brands of green tea. Discuss the experimental design with your classmate before carrying out the investigation. Write a report of your investigation. Reference Hill, C. (2002). A simple test for vitamin C. School Science Review, 83 (305), 131. 3 NOTES Safety Precaution Handle iodine solution carefully as it is an irritant. Laboratory Preparation I. Extraction of fruit juices 1. Method A Examples: orange, lemon ? ? ? Cut the orange/lemon into two halves. Squeeze one half of the orange/lemon by hand to force out the juice. Filter the juice (to remove the solid tissue) using a filter funnel and a filter cloth. Collect the filtrate using a small beaker. 2. Method B Examples: kiwifruit, honeydew melon, grape ? ? ? ? Remove the skin of the fruit. Cut the fruit into small pieces on a white tile using a knife. Grind the tissue by means of mortar and pestle to obtain about 10 ml of juice. Filter the juice using a filter funnel and a filter cloth. Collect the filtrate using a small beaker. II. Vitamin C is susceptible to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen over time. The sample solutions should be prepared immediately before the titration. Identification of the endpoint in this titration is significantly affected by the colouration of the sample solution used. If the solutions are colourless or are pale in colour, there is no problem in identifying the endpoint. For juices with strong or deep colour, it may be difficult to identify the endpoint. It is advised to carry out a trial titration so as to acquaint yourself with the colour change at the endpoint. For some juices, it may just be darkening of the colour when arriving at the endpoint of the titration. III. 4 How to cite Vitamin C, Essay examples

Understanding Special Needs in Health and Social Care

Question: Describe about the Understanding Special Needs in Health and Social Care? Answer: Introduction: It is important for the health professionals to be fully equipped with a strong understanding of the needs of the individuals that come into their care (Waldman and Perlman, 2003). People are growing older, and technology is becoming a key driver in modern care and so are the needs of service users. Here they focus on the specific needs, social and culture of service users. It provides insight in how health, poverty and social exclusion are interrelated. Here the socio economic health determinate, social capital and inequalities in health were central issues and the contribution from the public health and health promotion sectors (Hartman et al., 2000). Analyze concepts of disability, illness and behavior in relation to Health and social care service users. Health- Heath means a complete mental, social and physical well being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity. Health can be considered as two main concepts that is positive and negative concept. It is considered as positive concept because it is a feeling of general wellbeing on an individual level and on a social level, and it is considered as social concepts because an individual is regarded as being healthy when not suffering from a particular illness or disease (Investing In Children's Health And Health Care, 2004). Disability-The term disability in modern society has become a social norm. Most people find it difficult to common criteria to described disability, because the reality is individuals are so unique in many different ways. It help the physical impairment that restricts an individual to lead a normal life to get the appropriate education, vocation and recreation (Baumberg, 2013). Primary standard definition of disability is the disabled person with a persistent (physical or mental) health condition or illness. This impairs their functioning capacity and it reduces their ability to carry-out day-to-day activities (Lifshitz and Merrick, 2001). Secondary standard definition of disability is the disabled person with a persistent (physical or mental) health condition or illness. As a result their participation in key area of life is restricted relative to people without impairments (Ohgaki and Kleihues, 2012). Examples of disability and health conditions e.g., Vision, Hearing, Breathing Problems (related to heart or respiratory disease), Learning disability, etc Concept of illness and behavior: Illness people become highly dependent on others. It refers to the certain disabilities which make the person physically impaired for some time or for the prolonged time. Behavior indicates the significant change in behavior of the people which lead to the depression in people or some mental illness. Due to this sometime they become more aggressive and look unkempt. It indicated that the illness process is used to negotiate a range of culture, social and personal tensions in the home or in the community at large. It must be mentioned that the health and social care the issues of disability and behavior which are very challenging (Sirri, Fava and Sonino, 2013). Disability model: The two disability model, are social and medical model, and these are the basic difference if medical and social models: In Medical model disability is a deficiency or abnormality were as in social model disability is difference. In medical model being disabled is negative were as in social model being disabled, in itself, is natural. In medical model disability resides in the individual were as in social model disability derives from interaction between the individual and society. Mention verbrugge and jatte framework and explain: Figure: Social model of disability (Connors and Stalker, 2007) Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. The perceptions of specific needs have changed over time from welfare to medical model to social model. Disability was formerly based on charity, then to welfare, to right based laws, and finally the new disability business case. Individual with disability feels that the social environment creates the disadvantages that the people with disabilities face (Groups with specific needs, 2006). The perception towards disabilities ranges across many culture despite the fact that a more positives approach is being towards accepting this phenomena. People with learning disability forms a heterogeneous group in relation to the age, disability degree and the associated problem. In past there are the hospitals established with the aim of giving proper care to the people with the specific needs due to prolonged physical and mental illness, but with the times hospitals become overcrowded and the quality are declined. The professional staffs then shifted to the specialist work communities that work ed with the people with specific needs due to the learning disabilities. Here they describe the Maslows hierarchy of needs: Figure: Maslow Hierarchy of needs (Lester, 2013) Analyze the impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on the ways that services are made available for individuals with Specific needs There are number of government legislation that seeks to promote the right of people with disabilities in the UK. Some of this, act are Equality Act 2006 (Humphreys, 2010), Disability Discrimination Act (Briefing: The Disability Discrimination Act requires employers to make..., 2000), Special Educational needs and Disability Act 2001 (Davies, 2003). These, acts are become illegal to discriminates, against anybody based on their disabled. Educational institutions urged to make reasonable adjustments to every disabled child and they have a substantial advantage in accessing educational services. Disability Discrimination act also makes it illegal to exclude a child either temporarily or permanently from school. They say that there are many procedures to follow when dealing with disability issues in educational institution. Culture, has its own impacts on the way services are provided for people with specific needs. It influences a persons preference when it comes to how they are cared for. Every culture has one form of health beliefs. Society, has its own impact either it can encourage or discourage the show of equal respect and value for people with special needs. Analyse the care needs of individuals with specific needs Individual with specific needs needed to be provided with the care on the basis of this principle and depending on the nature of their needs (Improving Risk Analysis: Policies, Practices and Individual Needs, 2008). In this they have to provide with treatment and also specialized services. Their physiological needs should be taken care of, and this can be done through the provision of medical management, health care intervention, or use of specialized services or program. Certain individual with the specific needs such as patients with dementia need to be provided with both medical and emotional care this will help them to feel comfortable about the condition. People with learning disability usually have limited access to health care needs because they dont understand their sicknesses and also cannot express themselves. There is one way to help them by using picture and charts for better communication. When we become knowledgeable about their behavior then we can help them while discovering some discomfort n them. Whenever there is a change in behavior will indicate that they are ill. Therefore, a career needs to be observant and understand when there is a mood change in a client with learning disability. Explain current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs. There are so many organizations at governmental and non-governmental levels that supports individual with specific needs and they all follow the government policies and regulation. There is some of the organization which is mention below: Legislation: Strengthening the rights of children and young people with disabilities and special educational needs to be educated in mainstream schools which are the special educational needs and disability act law (PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATION, 2009). Non-profit organization: Here the special needs program was founded by parents of disabled children. The organization has to register with the internal revenue service as a human services agency and has a tax exempt status (Prugsamatz, 2010). Voluntary: There are the voluntary organizations which support the individual with specific needs. Like for example, Disability Alliances is a national registered charity which works to relieve the poverty and improve the living standard of disabled people. Their aim is to break the line between poverty and disability (Taylor, 2005). Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality for individuals with specific needs In each locality there are services which are available for individual with specific needs to enjoy. These specific and individual needs will help them more presentable in public and make them feel among. For example in the borough of Bromley there are some specific needs of individual includes adults who have physical disabilities, sensory impairments, mental health needs and learning disabilities. The excess of mortality experienced by people with learning disabilities is related to associated conditions, likes severe mobility impairments, seizures, vision impairments, etc. On the health front, there are some local medical centers which is designated to support patients with specific needs (Bromley, 2010). Another example can be cited in the case of Essex country council and the types of measures that have implemented in tackling the needs of people with specific needs (Cavill, 2014). These services are divided among three authorities as the Essex fire authority, the health and social care services for both adults and children in services of special needs. Safeguarding Health Childrens services. Explain the approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific needs The list of the approaches which is available to support any of the individual with their specific needs of the health care system includes: Self help: It is a self improvement process of economic basis, intellectual basis or emotional basis and often also psychological basis. There are many of the programs e self-help which has their own procedures, benefits and focus. It also tells about the self approach which improvises the condition of the health care. Self-help is also known as self-improvement. Advocacy - Advocacy includes the acts of pleading, supporting or recommending. It includes all about the range of the methods and techniques which are used to improve the norms, practices, human behavior which acts as obstacles or barriers in the way of development and the differences of the discrimination towards the disabled (Sims, 2008). Evidence-based practice This approach is more popular among the national and international approach which is taken for the health care system. In evidence based approach there are three levels: intersectional assessment, national policy of health-care and evidence based medicine on the daily basis. In this it also includes the process which demonstrates the efficiency of the people (Evidence-Based Practice, 2000). Autonomy and empowerment In autonomy and empowerment it considers all the opportunities on the basis of which the assessment of the disabled people can be done. It also includes the responsibility for the society, environment which affects on the health issues. To improve the health issues they also introduced the some required medication program and the therapies which will helps to improve the health care issues. Under intervention issues it includes some types of interventions. The list of those interventions is discussed below (Future Issues of Interventions, 2000): Physical interventions Under physical intervention it comes the most suitable medications and the therapies. In it there is the possibility of the external things which helps in restoring all the needed functions so that they can maintain the physical needs which helps to regain the normal life. Psychological interventions Due to the challenging human behavior, the psychological interventions plays the vital role. It also helps him to raise the morale of the life and to introduce the positive thinking of the life. It also helps to cure the depression, mental pressure, anxiety and the tendency to attempt suicide. Educational interventions under educational interventions it comes all the important information which are the basic requirements of the health care issues. This information should be provided among all the health care workers and the peoples. These types of information are needed in the better improvement of the health care issues. Vocational interventions In this intervention it gives the some of the training on vocation which helps them to earn money so that they can become self sufficient in their own life. The main things about this are to regain all the physical, psychological and the social needs to some extent so that anyone can be self sufficient to carry out their own life. It will help them to regain their normal life. Evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual with specific need(s). The intervention strategies are vital for all the people. It helps them in such a way that it improves the current situations of the people (Voyzey, 2009). The physical intervention helps them acquire the physical strength which includes all the therapies, exercises which improves the joint treatments of the people. It also has the provision which helps them to improve the external needs. It also needed to restrain the functions which are lost and also helps them to restrain the physical needs so that it is easy to become normal in the life. To get success in the physical intervention, psychological intervention also plays an important role so that it can improve the morale and also helps to build positive intention to get normal in the life. Through this it helps to improve the depression of the life, tendency to do suicide, anxiety issues and the change of the personality. The educational intervention helps them to get the sufficient ideas about the health issues so that it can improve and the vocational intervention helps them to get self sufficient so that it helps to get the independence to improve their daily life. It also helps them to acquire the appropriate knowledge about the current situation and also how to improve their situation to get the better life. They also can issues the self help techniques to make their life independent and also bring it to normal. Discuss the potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals with specific needs. Under the emerging development, it comes the medical and technical intervenes, changes of the policies and norms and both the national and international points. Under the impacts of the potential emerging developments it includes (Willetts, 2014): To denote all the preferences and the choices. Policies and the norms Differences of the risk, autonomy and independences Right to have the self protection and also provide the protection for others Remedy versus the needs of alleviation Explain different concepts of challenging behavior. The challenging behavior includes the temper problems, uncooperative nature, showing the anger on others etc (Challenging Behaviour, Mental Health, and Offending, 2012). These types of problem generally occur due to the mental illness, much consumption of drugs, alcohols, brain disabilities, etc. The challenging behavior which consider as abusive includes: Physical abusive nature like assaulting. Behavior of self destruction Behavior of destruction of the environment. Behavior of destruction towards the property. Illegal attitude. Behavior of destruction of others. The factors which influence to occur the challenging behavior are listed below (Lindgaard and Narasimhan, 2008): Physical misbalance Mental misbalance Sexual problem Learning problem Disturbance in the sleep Perception problem Emotionally weakness e.g. fear, frustration, anxiety etc. Social problem like relation problem, anxiety problem, etc Describe the potential impact of challenging behavior on health and social care organizations. The potential impacts for which the people are suffering from the challenging behavior problem are given below (Interprofessional Practice in Health and Social Care: Challenging the Shared Learning Agenda, 2002): They are kept isolated which actually means they are not given to kept the contact with their family, friends, neighbors etc They are suffering from the memory problem. They are suffering from the difficulty to communicate with the others They are much more addicted to the drugs and alcohols. More emotional and the financial supports are needed. The most risk factors for the challenging behavior are as follows: Depression of the careers. Isolation from the social culture. Patients of domestic violence. Physical and verbal aggression problem Inability to adjust and cope up with the stress. Analyze strategies for working with challenging behaviors. The codes act as key steps in the introduction of the regulation systems of the social care (Hastings and Brown, 2002). They also to ensure and give the trust to the people that the employer who acts as social care providers also have to understand all the responsibilities and the functions they are performing. They also should get the appropriate understanding how to handle the social groups who are needed with the social care providers. The social care council comes with some of the codes which are needed for the social workers (McLaughlin, 2008). The partnership legislations come with some of the outcomes which have some of the positive nature in the form to give the people some of the extra care of the specific needs of the problem. These legislations also have some of the goods which helped in some of the factors: To builds some of the principles and the values. Being agreed with some of the specific things belongs in the policies. To determine the boundaries on which they have to agree. To ensure the leadership affectivity. To give some extra attention towards the attitude and on the mutual consent. To provide the capacity toward the sufficient development. Conclusion: By concluding this it describes how to analyze the whole concept of the health issues, disability problem, illness and the behavior problem to the users of the health and social care services. It also describes about the perceptions of the needs of the people which might changed according to the time. It also assesses the impact which occurs due to the society policy, culture and the services which are made to get available for all the individuals with all the needs specifically. It helps to analyze the care needs of the individuals all of the specific needs, give description about the current systems for the individuals support with all the specific needs, evaluation of the services which are available with the locations of the individuals, give the explanation of the approaches which are available to give the support to individual needs, discuss the impacts which are potentially emerging with all of the development of the individuals with their specific needs and also have some of the many points which are described on the above study. References Baumberg, B. (2013). Understanding disability policy.Disability Society, 28(3), pp.427-428. Briefing: The Disability Discrimination Act requires employers to make... (2000).BMJ, 321(7264), pp.3a-3. Bromley, M. (2010). Michael Bromley (The University of Queensland, Australia).Media History, 16(4), pp.427-430. Cavill, P. (2014). The Essex inquisitions of 1556: the Colchester certificate.Hist Res, 87(238), pp.751-763. Challenging Behaviour, Mental Health, and Offending. (2012).Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(7-8), pp.673-692. Connors, C. and Stalker, K. (2007). Childrens experiences of disability: pointers to a social model of childhood disability.Disability Society, 22(1), pp.19-33. Davies, M. (2003). The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001--The implications for higher education.Education and the Law, 15(1), pp.19-45. Evidence-Based Practice. (2000).JAMA, 283(17), p.2306. Future Issues of Interventions. (2000).Interventions, 2(3), pp.479-479. Groups with specific needs. (2006).Family Practice, 23(Supplement 1), pp.51-53. Hartman, A., Depoy, E., Francis, C. and Gilmer, D. (2000). Adolescents with Special Health Care Needs in Transition.Social Work in Health Care, 31(4), pp.43-57. Hastings, R. and Brown, T. (2002). Coping Strategies and the Impact of Challenging Behaviors on Special Educators' Burnout.Mental Retardation, 40(2), pp.148-156. Humphreys, S. (2010). The Equality Act, 2010.Research Ethics, 6(3), pp.95-95. Improving Risk Analysis: Policies, Practices and Individual Needs. (2008).Risk Analysis, 28(6), pp.1491-1492. Interprofessional Practice in Health and Social Care: Challenging the Shared Learning Agenda. (2002).Health Social Care in the Community, 10(1), pp.58-59. Investing In Children's Health And Health Care. (2004).Health Affairs, 23(5), pp.112-112. Lester, D. (2013). MEASURING MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS 1.Psychological Reports, 113(1), pp.15-17. Lifshitz, H. and Merrick, J. (2001). Jewish Law and the Definition of Mental Retardation.Journal of Religion, Disability Health, 5(1), pp.39-51. Lindgaard, G. and Narasimhan, S. (2008). Factors influencing feature usage in work-related communication.Behaviour Information Technology, 27(2), pp.153-168. McLaughlin, K. (2008). The Social Worker versus the General Social Care Council: An Analysis of Care Standards Tribunal Hearings and Decisions.British Journal of Social Work, 40(1), pp.311-327. Ohgaki, H. and Kleihues, P. (2012). The Definition of Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma.Clinical Cancer Research, 19(4), pp.764-772. Prugsamatz, R. (2010). Factors that influence organization learning sustainability in nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit organizations.The Learning Organization, 17(3), pp.243-267. PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATION. (2009).JAMA, 301(11), p.1182. Sims, S. (2008). Advocacy in Action: TIPS TECHNIQUES: Advocacy ABC's.Strategies, 21(5), pp.35-37. Sirri, L., Fava, G. and Sonino, N. (2013). The Unifying Concept of Illness Behavior.Psychother Psychosom, 82(2), pp.74-81. Taylor, R. (2005). Rethinking voluntary work.The Sociological Review, 53, pp.117-135. The Lancet, (2009). Disability: beyond the medical model.The Lancet, 374(9704), p.1793. Voyzey, G. (2009). Intervention Strategies for the Staged Individual With Dementia.Perspect Gerontol, 14(1), p.19. Waldman, H. and Perlman, S. (2003). Collaboration Between Social Workers and Dentists for Care of People with Special Health Needs (A Commentary).Social Work in Health Care, 37(2), pp.101-107. Willetts, A. (2014). Support plans must embrace individual needs.Nurs Residential Care, 16(4), pp.231-231.

Article Synopsys on Public Administration

Article Synopsys on Public Administration The article under consideration is called Post-foundational development management – power, politics and complexity and written by Christ Mowles (2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article Synopsys on Public Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author discusses the place of management theories in learning and development theories as well as how they are applied to introduce changes and improvement. Particularly, the author focuses on post-foundational management theory based on the principles of emergence. The work combines empirical and theoretical framework for analyzing the major aspects and strategies needed to upgrading the development management. Investigating future perspectives of improvements and programs, the research also places an emphasis on such concepts as predictability, control, emergency, and system change. All the above-described aspects are considered in regional context that provides a favorable ground for more effective implementation of theoretical approaches. In addition, the author provides some historical facts and a comparative analysis of theories for the audience to have clearer understanding of their essence. While discussing particular theories, the author resorts to assessment of post-foundational management within the local context believing that this principle creates a number of positive perspectives for improvement of public sphere. To enlarge on this, Mowles believes that strategies and generalized plans are always perceived in particular contexts with certain actors participating in political cooperation aimed at grouping their efforts and sharing their experience in overcoming particular problems. In this respect, an alternative theory put forward by the research draws on the concept of emergence, a condition under which all governmental and managerial procedures can be considerably improved. This is explained by the fact that qui ck adjustment to changes creates a number of benefits in critical situations, especially when time is of primary importance.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering these concepts, the author reaches a conclusion that, even if future perspectives and strategies are idealized and, sometimes, far from reality, planning and projecting intension can better assist in meeting the future goals rather than taking no measures at all. In the article, the author presents a well-planned presentation of arguments and approaches used to assert the validity and reliability of facts. More importantly, the author has managed to sustain the balance between theoretical and empirical information applied. It should also be stressed that the main hypothesis of the paper is quite specific and consistent with the proposed supportive arguments. However, excessive reference to theoret ical materials provides a number of ambiguities that prevent readers from understanding the connection between practical and theoretical information. Despite that, the major strength of the article lies in a multidimensional approach the author has chosen for considering one theory within different contexts. The writing style of the article refers to scientific genre, because the researcher resorts to a great number of business and scientific terms. Nevertheless, the abundance of terminology does not distort the overall impression from the text. The information is logical and consistent where each argument is supported by evidence and facts. Besides the explanation for the key concepts, such as emergency, development management, post-foundational management, emergence, and future perspective, is provided in a well-grounded and detailed manner. In general, the article will be of great significance and relevance to the sphere of public administrations because it provides readers with a number of important theoretical approaches aimed at improving public infrastructure. What is more important is that consideration of local context can give a better picture of how management theories contribute to the improvement of administration policies. Reference List Mowles, C. (March, 2010). Post-Foundational Development Management – Power, Politics and Complexity. Public Development and Administration. 30(2), pp. 149-158.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article Synopsys on Public Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Free Essays on “The Book Of Job“

â€Å"The Book of Job† The Book of Job, in the Old Testament of the Bible, is a complex wisdom writing that uses a blend of prose and poetry in dramatic form to explore the perennial problem of innocent suffering and God’s justice. The principal figure of the book is Job, a pious Jew afflicted with disease and stripped of all his goods. The free and imaginative transformations of Job figure are literarily comparable to Shakespeare’s treatment of Hamlet and Goethe’s use of Faust (Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001). Throughout the drama, Job asserts his innocence of wrong, thereby rejecting the traditional view that suffering is the result of sin. The humble and patient Job who bears his sufferings as proofs of piety, however, becomes the raging and insistent Job pressing relentlessly for divine vindication in the dialogue that forms the main part of the book. The argument is pursued through three cycles of speeches in which Job’s three friends, Eliphaz, Bilbad, and Zophar chide the hero and he, in answering them, challenges God. Job’s final self defense and call upon the deity is answered by God’s speech from a whirlwind in which Job is invited to trust in the divine omniscience and power. This direct experience of the mysteries of God leaves Job at peace with himself. Although no final solution to the problem is offered. Many interpreters assign the prologue and epilogue to an earlier or later hand, and it widely assumed that the poem on wisdom (chap. 28) and the speeches (Chaps. 32-37) of a fourth friend (Elihu) inserted after the dialogues were added later, because they interrupt the flow of the a rgument. The Book of Job consists of five distinct sections: a prose prologue (chap. 1-2); a series of dramatic discourses between Job and three of his friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (chap. 3-31); a discourse between Job and Elihu, a fourth friend (chap. 32-37); God’s speeches from the whirlwind (38:1-42:6); and ... Free Essays on â€Å"The Book Of Jobâ€Å" Free Essays on â€Å"The Book Of Jobâ€Å" â€Å"The Book of Job† The Book of Job, in the Old Testament of the Bible, is a complex wisdom writing that uses a blend of prose and poetry in dramatic form to explore the perennial problem of innocent suffering and God’s justice. The principal figure of the book is Job, a pious Jew afflicted with disease and stripped of all his goods. The free and imaginative transformations of Job figure are literarily comparable to Shakespeare’s treatment of Hamlet and Goethe’s use of Faust (Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001). Throughout the drama, Job asserts his innocence of wrong, thereby rejecting the traditional view that suffering is the result of sin. The humble and patient Job who bears his sufferings as proofs of piety, however, becomes the raging and insistent Job pressing relentlessly for divine vindication in the dialogue that forms the main part of the book. The argument is pursued through three cycles of speeches in which Job’s three friends, Eliphaz, Bilbad, and Zophar chide the hero and he, in answering them, challenges God. Job’s final self defense and call upon the deity is answered by God’s speech from a whirlwind in which Job is invited to trust in the divine omniscience and power. This direct experience of the mysteries of God leaves Job at peace with himself. Although no final solution to the problem is offered. Many interpreters assign the prologue and epilogue to an earlier or later hand, and it widely assumed that the poem on wisdom (chap. 28) and the speeches (Chaps. 32-37) of a fourth friend (Elihu) inserted after the dialogues were added later, because they interrupt the flow of the a rgument. The Book of Job consists of five distinct sections: a prose prologue (chap. 1-2); a series of dramatic discourses between Job and three of his friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (chap. 3-31); a discourse between Job and Elihu, a fourth friend (chap. 32-37); God’s speeches from the whirlwind (38:1-42:6); and ...

Burger Kings famous advertising slogan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Burger Kings famous advertising slogan - Essay Example For instance, in case consumers switch to certain brands, producers follow suite and produce goods to meet this target group. Starbucks is one of the brands that follow the need for customization and immediacy. The company launched restaurants to serve food while it expanded its coffee offering. Several companies spend a lot of money on research and marketing to find out the kind of products that customers desire upfront. The need for customization and immediacy is well accepted factor among producers (Ferrell 114). Marketing evolved from the need to understand the consumer and as a result, marketers had to come up with strategies that could focus on the customer. This has been practised over a long period of time. In the past, goods were produced for the purposes of serving customers with quality goods. This was continued further when production was enhanced and customers were now sold goods due to increased production. In these early days, production was not done to suit consumer needs but rather it was driven by consumer wants (Ferrell 88). However, in the recent past marketing has been done to focus on customer needs and expectations. As a result, the customer has been bombarded by goods and products that are suited and catered for their needs. For instance, Apple produces handsets that are suited for consumers since it ends up meeting the expectations of the consumer. However, today consumerism is driven by social changes and values such as fashion, technology and other current trends. For instance, Google allows for its users to have choice on the services they require. Marketing concept involves understanding the needs and goals of different target markets with the need of achieving organizational goals to consumers better than the organization’s competitors. While, on the other hand societal marketing is that the company should market their goods based on the consumer’s wants/needs, the company’s requirement long-term

Finite Element Analysis of structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finite Element Analysis of structures - Essay Example Each element contains nodes which are points were the elements are mathematically connected to one another. The idea of dividing a domain up into subdomains is the basic principle of how FEA works' FEA consists of a computer model of a material or design that is stressed and analyzed for specific results. It is used in new product design, and existing product refinement. A company is able to verify a proposed design will be able to perform to the client's specifications prior to manufacturing or construction. Modifying an existing product or structure is utilized to qualify the product or structure for a new service condition. In case of structural failure, FEA may be used to help determine the design modifications to meet the new condition. There are generally two types of analysis that are used in industry: 2-D modeling, and 3-D modeling. While 2-D modeling conserves simplicity and allows the analysis to be run on a relatively normal computer, it tends to yield less accurate results. 3-D modeling, however, produces more accurate results while sacrificing the ability to run on all but the fastest computers effectively. Within each of these modeling schemes, the programmer can insert numerous algorithms (functions) which may make the system behave linearly or non-linearly. Linear systems are far less complex and generally do not take into account plastic deformation. Non-linear systems do account for plastic deformation, and many also are capable of testing a material all the way to fracture. How Does Finite Element Analysis Work' FEA uses a complex system of points called nodes which make a grid called a mesh . This mesh is programmed to contain the material and structural properties which define how the structure will react to certain loading conditions. Nodes are assigned at a certain density throughout the material depending on the anticipated stress levels of a particular area. Regions which will receive large amounts of stress usually have a higher node density than those which experience little or no stress. Points of interest may consist of: fracture point of previously tested material, fillets, corners, complex detail, and high stress areas. The mesh acts like a spider web in that from each node, there extends a mesh element to each of the adjacent nodes. This web of vectors is what carries the material properties to the object, creating many elements. A wide range of objective functions (variables within the system) are available for minimization or maximization: Mass, volume, temperature Strain energy, stress strain Force, displacement, velocity, acceleration Synthetic (User defined) There are multiple loading conditions which may be applied to a system. Next to Figure 3, some examples are shown: Point, pressure (Figure 3), thermal, gravity, and centrifugal static loads Thermal loads from solution of heat transfer analysis Enforced displacements Heat flux and convection Point, pressure and gravity dynamic loads Each FEA program may come with an element library, or one is constructed over time. Some sample elements are: Rod elements Beam elements Plate/Shell/Composite elements Shear panel Solid elements Spring elements Mass elements Rigid elements Viscous damping elements Many FEA programs also are equipped with the capability to use multiple materials within the structure such as: Isotropic, identical throughout Orthotropic, identical at 90 degrees General anisotropic, different throughout Types of

Validity and Reliability of the Myers Briggs Test Term Paper

Validity and Reliability of the Myers Briggs Test - Term Paper Example The history of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator holds accountable Carl Jung and his personality theory as the primary basis and the chief influence of Katharine C. Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers in the development of the MBTI, a project that lasted for two decades and a half (Bayne, 1997; Morgan & Morgan, 2007; Quenk, 2009).   Jung published his book â€Å"Psychological Types† in the early 1920’s which was later on translated in English and published in America.   Briggs at that time was also developing her own theory of personality types which she later on abandoned upon discovery of Jung’s theory which resembled her ideas but had better structure and form.   It then started the long journey of Briggs and Myers that concluded with the creation of the MBTI.   Guided by Jung’s theory, their observations of individuals led them to the conclusion that â€Å"typology could provide a useful way of describing healthy personality differences and importantly, that such assessment could be put to practical use in people’s lives† (Morgan & Morgan, 2007, p. 336). Such non-judgmental and realistic underpinnings of the instrument are perhaps the reasons for its massive influence and application. It is interesting to note that none of them have studied and trained under Jungian psychoanalysis yet they accepted his ideas and studied it enthusiastically for 25 years. To begin with, both were not psychologists and do not have a strong foundation in statistics.   In the 1940’s, psychological testing was a very young field and inventory type questionnaires were not popular.   While psychology often measures characteristic, Myers and Briggs were more drawn towards preferences which identify the dominant functions of individuals.   At that time, they did not have the convenience of computers making item analysis, so they relied heavily on friends who they classified as â€Å"thinking† and â€Å"feel ing† individuals.  

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay E-commerce has the capacity to improve existing businesses and also expand operational efficiency. However, in the wake of fierce competition, businesses are forced to be at their best as competitors are just a click away. (Xia Yang et al 2003) The limitless potentials of the internet in todays world have revolutionized the way business is done all over the globe thus making the world a global village. The thrust of this paper critically overviews the web site of PZ Cussons as a communication medium; in line with e-business management theory, the paper discusses issues bordering on advertising and branding. PZ was founded in 1879 by George Paterson and George Zochonis in which they set up a trading post in Sierra Leone. By 1899, they opened their first branch office in Nigeria (http://www.pzcussons.com/pzc/about/ourhistory/). The company has recorded remarkable achievements since then. The company majors on manufacturing leading brands of household items from soaps to milk. With the emergence of the World Wide Web, PZ Cussons is poised to take its business to the next level by taking advantage of technology. Needless to say that with the advent of e-business PZ Cussons should do even better. In todays world, it would be difficult to extricate a companys success from its website as this can either attract customers or repel them depending on customer relationship techniques employed by the web designer. The consistent growth in technological advancement and inventive initiatives has made tremendous impact and also made e-advertising interactive, exciting, and affordable to businesses. This paper analyses the website of PZ Cussons in relation to its competitors and highlights how PZ Cussons can benefit from vast potentials of the internet in advertising and promotion as well as building a better brand. Advertising Research has shown that much of what is expected from a website is largely dependent on the consumer. Lu and Yeung 1998 suggests that human to computer interface design factors are applicable to commercial web applications. However, the nature of the business and the way the business is done has to be taken into consideration when developing a web site. Putting together and responding to consumer feedbacks are an important part of communication activities when attempting to convert a first time buyer to a potential customer, as such fostering an online relationship. (Berthon et al 1996) In a bid to explore empirical studies and dimensions created basically for research on advertising, past works have attempted to forecast consumers behaviour towards internet advertising. It has been observed that culture or beliefs play a more pivotal role in consumers purchase intention rather than other factors like creativity, market size or internet usage. (Yang 2003). With the advent of e-commerce, PZ Cussons have taken up the initiative to advertise its company on the web, however, a lot of issues regarding the website would be discussed in the course of this paper. The process of ensuring that a site visitor becomes a customer and is retained is actually a proactive approach that can be stimulated by interactive features on the site (Geissler 2001). For most businesses, the home page in itself is an advertisement (Singh and Dalal 1999). The appearance of a home page can either engage a customer to go further or make the customer go elsewhere. It is imperative for the company or web designer to make the site as interactive as possible to enable businesses gain higher customer retention. Even as advert placement on web sites has become a normal occurrence in e-business world, it is noteworthy to comprehend internet advertising and understand consumer reactions or behaviours to advert placement on the internet. It is a well known fact that those who are optimistic about advertising are likely to be convinced by advertising (Mehta 2000). If a web site is very effective, it would always encourage first time visitors to the site to make a future purc hase of goods or services offered for sale. Since its origin in early 1990s, the structure of internet advertising has progressed from banner ads, spam emails, interstitials, superstitials, site sponsorships, and involuntary browser relocations (Yang 2003). Adverts online have consistently come under criticism (Bulik 2000b) and have been often considered as unnecessary and imprecise (Hwang and Kranhold, 2000). It has been argued that there is no inter-relation between advertising and corresponding results such as sales or profits (OConnell, 2001). Some Benefits of Online Advertising The power of the internet cannot be overemphasised as its reach is global at a fast pace. Online advertising has identified new means of passing personalized messages to be conveyed to specific customers. Most people these days would rather spend more time online than read a conventional newspaper. As such, businesses are more likely to create a greater awareness from online advertisement. It has the capacity to properly segment customer base as well as measure the impact or effectiveness of an advert. Online advert gives the customer the opportunity of choice based on their knowledge of a companys product or services. Website Effectiveness Although a lot of work has been done in the overall area of e-business (Hoffman Novak, 2000; Kauffman Walden, 2001) however, to further drive down the issues with PZ Cussons web site, we would take a look at Nathan Heinz and Quing Hus web site measurement effectiveness technique to help analyse their internet advertising application. They classified web site measurement effectiveness technique into three categories which are; the interactivity metrics, the information metrics and the service metrics. (Heinz and Hu 2006) Interactivity involves a platform in which customer feedback is encouraged for optimum performance. It also includes the availability of search engines on the web site as well as live chat or blogs in order to get the customers candid opinion on products or services. It also maintains a data base for registered customers. Zhu and Kraemer (2002). Information involves true and precise information on the web site at a particular time. This refers to continuously updating clients with reliable information on goods or services offered for sale. For example the cost of product or services and updating photos of new stock etc. It also encompasses the concept of simplicity of information passed across and gives detailed analysis of product uniqueness and relevance. This, if communicated effectively would go a long way in retaining first time customers. Kim et al (2002); Barnes and Vidgen (2003). Service involves maintaining good customer care operations as well as responding to customer query or issues. It also involves timely processing of online orders and security of online transactions on a web site. It also involves intermediating with social networking sites like face book to maintain an online community for excellent customer service. Barnes and Vidgen (2003); Rust and Lemon (2001). Analysis Based on Theory When we closely observe the PZ Cussons web site based on these three classes of efficiency measurement, we can see that interactivity level is very low. Site navigation and interactivity are significant factors of system quality for web buyer satisfaction (McKinney et al 2002). There is the absence of chat rooms to encourage customer interactions of feedback on brands. Though there is a search engine in place it is however limited to the site instead of expanding search capability to other search engines such as goggle. On the information metrics, it has been observed that PZ Cussons does not update its web site quite often to notify customers of changes made to products or upcoming events. Liu and Arnett (2000) highlight information provision as a major factor in the success of e-business web sites. PZ Cussons produces a wide variety of brands and with competitors such as Proctor and Gamble and Nestle, a lot needs to be done in terms of quality of information and timeliness of delivery. The service metrics on PZ Cussons web site shows very customer biased attributes as the is the absence of an online register, no avenue for customer registration online so no opportunity for feedback on customer queries on brands, there is also no opportunity for placing online orders so the issue of timeliness of orders does not even arise. Quite clearly, PZ Cussons has been able to develop their brand name over the years but are yet to tap into the vast potentials of the web for a greater market share. Branding A brand has been viewed as a promise made by a company to its customers and not a name or statement (Sterne 1999). Given the emergence of the World Wide Web and the revolution in the way business is being done across the globe, it would be expected that the perception of brands would come under a new dimension (Rowley 2004). Also, Ward and Lee (2000) suggest that an effective online presence is pivotal to a brands online success. A brands website has the capacity to create an impression on the consumer (Muller and Chandon 2003). From the graphics and pictures to texts on a web page can either attract or put off potential buyers. Chiang, I-Ping (2008) also suggests that brand awareness can be used together with specific consumer requirements and consumer behaviours to better position online brands. Most small and large businesses across the globe today can boast of an online presence. However, creating an online presence is hardly enough as Porter (2001) suggest that creating an online presence at a point in time was a competitive advantage but today a web site requires more competitive and distinctive features in order to achieve competitive advantage. The elements of a web site can be classified in different contexts depending on the products or services being marketed on the web site. For instance a car manufacturers website cannot be designed in the same pattern as a fast food website. World brands seek to identify with values that are common to many communities such as safety, style and status and service, which can be classified in different ways in diverse national contexts (Rowley 2004). However, for the purpose of the analysis of PZ Cussons website we would analyse the following elements: Logo, Graphics, Colour, Texts, Currency and news (Rowley 2004). Logo A logo presents a graphic language and discipline for the clear, consistent reflection of a companys visual identity (Henrion and Parkin 1967). Although the PZ Cussons brand name has built a reputation for itself in Africa, Asia and Europe over the years, it has done very little to project its logo. Its red, blue and white logo remains in it simplest form. Some of its leading brands like Venus have become more popular than PZ Cussons as a result of its inconspicuous logo. The logo represents a companys corporate visual identity through official corporate symbol (Balmer 1995). It is believed that a company corporate identity transcends mere symbols and signs but relates more to issues like corporate culture. Graphics This refers to visual logos, pictures and other images that may depict a brands values on a website (Rowley 2004). There are not too many graphics on the PZ Cussons web site, the pictures are not holistic and does not reflect the charisma of the company. Also, the Web Content Accessibility Guideline reveals that the PZ Cussons website is using (WCAG WAI) 1.0 (1999) which is an outdated version. Colour The PZ Cussons website makes use of a white background with red and blue colours. This is a very common colour combination as millions of websites use this same colour combination. This does not give any uniqueness to the company web page. Text Text addresses the tone of voice, and determines whether a message is intellectual, understandable and necessary (Rowley 2004). Text typifies the brands individuality; it is the brands vocal cords. The words that are written carry the brands message and the font determines the approach of communication. The PZ Cussons website uses the Calibri body font, and a text size 11. This is considered to be quite small and depicts timidity. The words on the home page are too much and should have been more of pictures and less words. News This refers to allowing visitors to the site access to current news and information relating to products and happenings in the industry. The PZ Cussons web site however, is not being constantly updated. On the PZ Cussons front page, there is a column for latest news, but the news in question are actually stale. A lot needs to be done in that regard. Recommendation PZ Cussons has come a long way since its inception without doubt, with its acquisition of major companies and continued expansion but yet to tap into the vast prospect ability of the World Wide Web. A web advert can be for both infotainment and promotional activities (Diaz et al. 1996); however, PZ Cussons seem to only have tapped from using the web as an informative medium thus relegating the latter. PZ Cussons in a bid to further expand the global reach of its company can take advantage of the web and promote its leading household brand to continents like America and Australia, this must however be done with some of the following recommendations. PZ Cussons must realise that its website is its corporate identity to the world and a representation of its corporate image as such should take advantage of that medium to make it web site more interactive with site visitors. It can incorporate the use of live chats and blogs to gather customer feedback on its brands. It can also adopt the concept of an online register to enable it maintain a database of customers online. PZ Cussons must come to terms with the realities of digitization and begin to open up marketing and sale of its brands online. With the emergence of e-market places, grocery shopping can be done by the click of the mouse. There must also be consistent updates on product offers, special sales and product information and ensure maximum customer satisfaction. With the advent of social networking sites like face book and twitter, PZ Cussons must build an online community for its customers who can share brand experiences with friends and further expand their network. It is often difficult to distinguish between online and offline branding. However, online branding comes with a lot pros and cons as such it will be reminiscent to highlight the plausibility of online branding and its effect on businesses with an online presence. PZ Cussons operates as a promoter for leading other brands which are distributed through an organised distributive channel. The online presence merely transmits brand messages and houses information. PZ Cussons would need to take advantage of their online presence build a dynamic approach to marketing its brands online. Conclusion PZ Cussons has to come to terms with the cutting edge of technology. It must parallel its real world brand dominance with that of its online branding experience and as well deliver its promise to customers. PZ Cussons must use their online presence to create awareness for its brands and encourage customer rapport. There is a huge difference between businesses that do not use online channel in marketing their goods and service and those that use the online channel. PZ Cussons must take advantage of both online and offline channels to expand their reach. Given the publicity the internet generates, PZ Cussons can benefit from cost savings spent on television and print media adverts by channelling funds to a single and cheaper advertising channel.

Women in the Military Essay examples -- Women in Military Essays

I am in favor of equality for women, just not when it comes to women in combat. There have been women in society doing heroic things since the Revolutionary war. There have been brave women in war posing as men so they could fight. There are a select few women who could handle war and combat. The negative aspects of women in combat outweigh the positive. Women should not participate in military combat. However they may join the military and served in traditional roles such as nurses and office staff. The difference between men and women is women are physically weaker, they have vital personal needs, and they attract male troops. Women are physically weaker. Their genetic structure is made differently than the males. Susan Brownmiller wrote in "Femininity" that "Men were straight-edged, sharply pronged and formidable, women were softly curved" (126). When I go to the weight room there are never any women lifting free weights. When they do, it is usually the bar only. Males generally lift at least forty-five pounds on each side of the bar. My friend was in the military for over thr...

Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution & a Determination of the Best Buy Essay

Introduction : Sodium chlorate(I) forms the basis of most commercial bleaches. The amount present in bleaching solution can be determined by a volumetric technique. In this experiment, sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the presence of acid to liberate. The iodine is titrated against standard sodium thiosulphate solution. Chemicals : Bleach solution , 0.1 M Na2S2O3 ,1 M H2SO4 , KI , Starch indicator Procedures : 1. Determine the total volume of bleach in the commercial bottles provided. Note the brand name, volume & price of each sample. 2. Pipette 25 cm3 bleach solution into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Make up to the mark & mix well. 3. Pipette 25 cm3 of this solution into a conical flask. Add 10 cm3 KI solution & 10 cm3 1 M sulphuric acid. 4. Titrate this mixture against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution provided. Add starch indicator when the solution become pale yellow. 5. Record your results and calculate the molarity of the orginal bleach solution. 6. Determine which bleach has the lowest price per mole of actual bleach. Results : Brand A = ___________KAO_____________ Brand B = _________Best Buy____________ Volume = ___________1.5L______________ Volume = ____________2L_______________ Price = _______$12.9 / Bottle____________ Price = ________$10.9 / Bottle____________ Mole = _________0.753 Mol_____________ Mole = ___________1.152 Mol ___________ $/mole = _______$17.13 / Mol ___________ $/mole = __________$9.46 / Mol__________ Best buy is ________ Best Buy___________ Titration of Brand A against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution Titration 1 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (ml) 31.70 35.70 27.80 32.20 Initial Burette Reading (ml) 2.90 9.80 4.40 8.30 Volume of titrant (ml) 28.80 25.90 25.40 23.50 Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(25.90+25.40+23.50)3 = 25.1 ml__ Calculation: The Result Of Brand A Sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced. Following equation: 2H+-(aq) + OCl–(aq) + 2I–(aq) –> Cl–(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l) Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution Following equation: I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) –> S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq) The Molarity of Na2S2O3 : = 0.1M Number of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2: : = Molarity X Volume = 0.1 X (25.11000) = 0.00251 mol The Mole ratio of Na2S2O3:: I2= 2:1 Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3- = (12) X 0.00251 mol = 0.001255 mol The Mole ratio of NaOCl: I2= 1:1 Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration = I2 = 0.001255 mol Number of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask = 0.001255 mol X 10 = 0.01255 mol Number of moles in 1.5L bleach solution = 0.01255 mol 25 X 1500 = 0.753 mol Price of OCl- per mole in brand A = $12.9 0.753mol = $17.13 / mol Results : Titration of Brand B against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution Titration 1 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (ml) 30.90 32.8 31.90 35.20 Initial Burette Reading (ml) 2.10 3.90 3.30 6.90 Volume of titrant (ml) 28.8 28.90 28.60 28.90 Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(28.90+28.60+28.90)3 = 28.8 ml__ Calculation: The Result Of Brand B Sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced. Following ionic equation: 2H+-(aq) + OCl–(aq) + 2I–(aq) –> Cl–(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l) Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution Following ionic equation: I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) –> S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq) The Molarity of Na2S2O3 : = 0.1M Number of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2: : = Molarity X Volume = 0.1 X (28.81000)= 0.00288 mol The Mole ratio of Na2S2O3:: I2= 2:1 Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3- = (12) X 0.00288 mol = 0.00144 mol The Mole ratio of NaOCl: I2= 1:1 Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration = I2 = 0.00144 mol Number of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask = 0.00144 mol X 10 = 0.0144 mol Number of moles in 2L bleach solution = 0.0144 mol 25 X 2000 = 1.152 mol Price of OCl- per mole in brand B = $10.9 1.152 mol = $9.46 / mol Questions : 1. Why must the KI be present in excess ? If less than the specified quantity of KI is added, what effect will this have on the results ? The bleach solution contain sodium chlorate(I),which have ions OCl-.We can prepare the iodine solution by adding the sodium chlorate(I) to potassium iodide in a acidic medium. At first, the sodium chlorate(I) Is the limiting agent. When we add the excess potassium iodide into the bleach solution. Not only it will not effect the result, but also the calculation can be more accurate. All the ions OCl- can be completely reacted. In addition, Iodine solution is only slightly soluble in water but it is very soluble in the solution, which contain I- ions. 2. What is the function of the sulphuric acid ? The function of sulphuric acid is provide a acidic medium containing excess iodide to ionizes the iodine solution to triiodide ions. We must know that the Brown colour of iodine solution is cause for the triiodide ions(I3-).This colour in observation of titration is very important. 3. Bleaching solutions may deteriorate for 2 reasons : (a) react with CO2 in the air according to the equation : 2 OCl- + CO2 –> CO32-+ H2 + Cl2 (b) what is the other reason ? It must be effected by light. It is because the The hypochlorite ions OCl-( will be decompose quickly under light Following equation:2NaOCl –>2NaCl + O2, .While losing some OCl- ions, the result in calculation will not be accurate 4. What should the starch indicator not be added too early ? The starch solution turns the iodine to blue black because of the formation of starch-iodine complex. Also, the complex is not reversible when the concentration of iodine is high. If we add the starch solution early, the attraction of starch molecules and iodine molecules will attract so strongly. Although we have add standard sodium thiosulphate solution, but we can not do completely finish the real result of titration and effecting the calculation. The above-mentioned tell us that the starch solution should be added when only a few of iodine solution left, near the end point of the titration.

101 Phrases for Teachers to Encourage a Child

101 Phrases for Teachers to Encourage a Child Teachers want students to buy into what they are offering, so establishing a meaningful rapport with all pupils is important. Most children, by nature, want to please the adults in their lives, including their teachers. They seek out praise and are overjoyed when they are recognized for their achievements. Teachers should celebrate their students successes. Educators are called molders and shapers of young minds, but they should also be master motivators offering continuous encouragement.  Great teachers develop an arsenal of vocabulary that allows them to encourage a child creatively and continuously throughout each day. Encouraging Words The right phrases from a teacher can make a big difference for students. But those phrases dont have to be lengthy: To grab a childs attention, it often helps to keep it short. Even a word or two followed by an exclamation point can be enough to encourage a student to keep trying or to try even harder next time. Use these simple encouraging words with students and see if produce results in terms of student effort and success: A Work!Amazing!Astonishing!Awesome!Beautiful!BINGO!Boom goes the dynamite!Bravo!Breathtaking!Brilliant!Bueno!Clever!Congratulations!Cool!En Fuego! (On Fire!)Excellent!Exceptional!Extraordinary!Fantastic!Far out!Good!Good for you!Good thinking!Grand slam!Great answer!Great discovery!Great job!Hip, Hip Hurray!Hole in one!Hot dog!How did you do that!?Hurray!I believe in you!I knew you could do it!I love how you did that!I love it!Im proud of you!Incredible!Looking good!Magnificent!Marvelous!Neat!Neat-O!Nice job!Nothing can stop you now!Now youve got it!On target!Outstanding!Perfect!Per-Fect-O!Phenomenal!Remarkable!Right on!Sensational!Slam dunk!Spectacular!Stupendous!Super!Super-duper!Super Star!Super work!Superb!Sweeeeeet!Take a bow!Terrific!Thank you!Thats amazing!Thats correct!Top notch!Touchdown!Tremendous!Unbelievable!Very good!Very impressive!Way to go!We have a winner!Well done!What a genius!What an imagination!Winner! Winner! Chicken Dinner!Wonderful!Wow!Wow-zers!Yeeeesss!You ca n do it! You got it!You figured it out!You just blew me away!You just hit a home run!You just made my day!You rock!Youre #1!Youre a winner!Youre on fire!Youre one of a kind!Youre out of this world!Youre precious!Youre so creative!Youre so smart!. Youre special! Youre the best!

Julius Caesar and the Battle of Munda

Julius Caesar and the Battle of Munda Date Conflict: The Battle of Munda was part of Julius Caesars Civil War (49 BC-45 BC) and took place on March 17, 45 BC. Armies Commanders: Populares Gaius Julius CaesarMarcus Agrippa40,000 men Optimates Titus LabienusPublius Attius VarusGnaeus Pompeius70,000 men Battle of Munda - Background: In the wake of their defeats at Pharsalus (48 BC) and Thapsus (46 BC), the Optimates and supporters of the late Pompey the Great were contained in Hispania (modern Spain) by Julius Caesar. In Hispania, Gnaeus and Sextus Pompeius, Pompeys sons, worked with General Titus Labienus to raise a new army. Moving quickly, they subjugated much of Hispania Ulterior and the colonies of Italica and Corduba. Outnumbered, Caesars generals in the region, Quintus Fabius Maximus and Quintus Pedius, elected to avoid battle and requested assistance from Rome. Battle of Munda - Caesar Moves: Answering their call, Caesar marched west with several legions, including the veteran X Equestris and V Alaudae. Arriving in early December, Caesar was able to surprise local Optimate forces and quickly relieved Ulipia. Pressing on to Corduba, he found that that he was not able to take the city which was guarded by troops under Sextus Pompeius. Though he outnumbered Caesar, Gnaeus was advised by Labienus to avoid a major battle and instead compelled Caesar to embark upon a winter campaign. Gnaeus attitude began to change following the loss of Ategua. The capture of the city by Caesar badly shook the confidence of Gnaeus native troops and some began to defect. Unable to continue delaying battle, Gnaeus and Labienus formed their army of thirteen legions and 6,000 cavalry on a gentle hill approximately four miles from the town of Munda on March 17. Arriving on the field with eight legions and 8,000 cavalry, Caesar unsuccessfully attempted to trick the Optimates into moving off the hill. Having failed, Caesar ordered his men forward in a frontal assault. Clashing, the two armies battled for several hours without an advantage being gained. Battle of Munda - Caesar Triumphs: Moving to the right wing, Caesar personally took command of X Legion and drove it forward. In heavy fighting, it began to push back the enemy. Seeing this, Gnaeus moved a legion from his own right to reinforce his failing left. This weakening of the Optimate right allowed Caesars cavalry to gain a decisive advantage. Storming forward, they were able to drive back Gnaeus men. With Gnaeus line under extreme pressure, one of Caesars allies, King Bogud of Mauritania, moved around the enemys rear with cavalry to attack the Optimate camp. In an effort to block this, Labienus led the Optimate cavalry back towards their camp. This maneuver was misinterpreted by Gnaeus legions who believed that Labienus men were retreating. Beginning their own retreat, the legions soon crumbled and were routed by Caesars men. Battle of Munda - Aftermath: The Optimate army effectively ceased to exist after the battle and all thirteen standards of Gnaeus legions were taken by Caesars men. Casualties for the Optimate army are estimated at around 30,000 as opposed to only 1,000 for Caesar. Following the battle, Caesars commanders reclaimed all of Hispania and no further military challenges were mounted by the Optimates. Returning to Rome, Caesar became dictator for life until his murder the following year. Selected Sources UNRV: Battle of MundaBBC: Julius Caesar

Global Operations Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Operations Management - Research Paper Example 334). Other issues are clearly disclosed by Fisher (2003) as: â€Å"whether globalization results in unfair labor practices in developing countries; whether globalization damages the environment; whether multinational corporations have become too powerful to the detriment of developing country citizens and governments; whether globalization gives rise to tax competition that undermines the capacity of governments to raise revenues and thus to provide necessary services to their citizens; whether intellectual property protection is damaging the health of developing country citizens† (p. 7). Political issues include government regulations imposed on foreign organizations including policies on deregulation, risks faced from local violent groups and insurgents, level of organized crime and terrorist activities in the host foreign country. 2. Explain what cultural barriers and diversity issues are commonly encountered by international/multinational (MNC) and global organizations. C ultural barriers and diversity issues are commonly encountered by international/multinational and global organizations for the reasons that each country has developed its own set of values, traditions, cultural norms and beliefs that could be significantly different from the home country. For instance, Japan and Germany have different cultural mindsets and practices that have been ingrained in the general population since the beginning of time. Operating in Japan or Germany should therefore necessitate orienting oneself on cultural disparities and business practices to ensure that expanding to these countries would not compromise, intimidate, impose oneself and run contrary to the people’s beliefs and value system. As emphasized by Firoz, Maghrabi and Kim (2002), â€Å"theoretical reasoning and statistical analysis revealed the four main dimensions on which country cultures differ. They were labeled Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism, and Masculinity† (p. 32). 3. Why has diversity become such an important topic in the international arena? Diversity has become such an important topic in the international arena because in order for global organizations to effectively operate in a foreign country, the barriers to effective operation must be addressed: language and communication barriers, business ethics, value systems (religion), business practices, and external factors that impinge on the expanding organization. Due to diversity in culture, there could be significant differences in cultural norms, values and traditions that could not simply be imposed on the host country. 4. What can occur when issues related to multiculturalism and diversity are ignored in an international company? If these are not effectively and appropriately addressed, the risk of failure is increased. There would be eminent problems in communication, in expecting that policies and procedures would simply be adhered to or followed, and in imposing one’s normal way of doing things on another culture that has been accustomed to a different way of doing business or a way of life. 5. Describe at least 2 political and 2 economic issues that may arise during global expansion and proposed methods of addressing them. The political issues that may arise during global expansion are: (1) barriers to entry and (2) political upheaval.

Phonology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Phonology - Assignment Example A consonant may be defined to be an interruption of the effusion of vocal sound, arising from the application of the organs of speech to each other (Walker: 2008: 6). In order to identify consonant sound, one should understand a vowel. The words of Trofimov et al (2002: 22) are significant in this sense when they define vowel and consonant as follows: â€Å"A vowel (in normal speech) is defined as a voiced sound in which the air passes in a continuous stream through the pharynx and mouth, there being no obstruction and no narrowing such as would produce audible friction.† They further write, â€Å"All other sounds [expect the previously stated] (in normal speech) are called consonants.† Therefore, one can infer that in the production of consonant sounds, there may be an obstruction in the air passage causing for an audible friction. Consonants therefore include (i) all sounds which are not voiced (eg: p, s, ?), (ii) all sounds in which the air has an impeded passage thr ough the mouth (b, l, rolled r), (iii) all sounds in which air does not pass through the mouth (eg: m), (iv) all sounds in which there is audible friction (eg: f, v, s, z). (iv) may be regarded as a particular case of (ii) (Trofimov et al: 2002: 22). To describe the consonant sound, the following pieces of information will be really helpful: a) the air stream mechanism, b) the state of the glottis, c) the position of the soft palate, d) the articulating organs or points of articulation, and e) the manner of articulation or the stricture involved (McMahon: 2002: 30). Various studies have identified that all English sounds are produced with a pulmonic egressive air stream mechanism, that is, the air stream expelled from the lungs is modified to form speech sounds. The sounds produced with the glottis open are voiceless and those produced with the glottis closed are voiced. According to the position of the soft palate the sounds may be nasal or oral. Place of articulation is defined in terms of the articulators involved in the speech gesture (Manell: 2002). The points or places of articulations can be identified by referring to a speech gesture in terms of an active articulator and a passive articulator. b. monophthong Vowels in English language have been divided into two categories, namely, monophthongs and diphthongs. Monophthongs are also called as pure vowels. Bloomer et al writes, â€Å"...there are 20 vowel sounds in RP English. Twelve of these are monophthongs, that is, pure vowels and eight are diphthongs, that is, two vowel sounds run together so that the first glides into the second† (2005: 251). Therefore it is evident that â€Å"A monophthong is a vowel sound which involves no movement of the tongue during its production - there is no glide, as there is in a diphthong† (The university of Hull). Thus, monophthongs are identifiable in the words like; tap, clip, hit, and bee. Similarly, diphthongs are identifiable in the words, cake, boy, p aper, and tape. c. affricate Consonants in English language can be properly understood by understanding the stricture involved, that is, the manner in which the air passage is restricted and sounds produced. Based on the manner of articulation, consonants can be classified in different ways where affricate being one among them. In the production of the

Fibroadenoma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fibroadenoma - Assignment Example The most susceptible persons to this condition are young women and teenage girls. It is diagnosed through various tests such as â€Å"mammogram, clinical breast examinations, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy† among others (Moris, 2005, p.46). Their sizes differ and ranging from one patient to another, they sometimes reduce in size or shrivel at will and can expand even more when a woman has conceived .According to Moris (2005, p.99), a bigger percentage (about 90%) of fibroadenomas are not more than 3cm in size while the remaining percentage are 4 cm or more in length. The tumour itself is oval in shape, stretchy or supple and has soft facade. It is grey-whitish and can sometimes come when soft or hard on the outside (Dabbs, 2012, p.121). There is strong evidence that supports the proposition that women who have a family history which is enmeshed around breast diseases and fibroadenoma are more likely to suffer from the same. Although the chances of suffering from this disease reduces as one ages; past menopause it is lower, a family medical history especially those girls and young women whose mothers or grandmothers suffered from breast diseases are more predisposed to this condition. It is therefore important to dig deep into the family medical history of a patient before diagnosing them with this disease. Also, a person stands a high chance of being diagnosed with these conditions if she had suffered from a breast related condition before. Patients who have ever used hormone therapy are more likely to record even bigger lumps of Fibroadenomas as it is most active during the years of female reproductions (Dabbs, 2012, p.176). Mostly, Fibroadenomas are never treated although it is monitored regularly just in case it can erupt into a serious condition. Surgery is an option though for those patients who feel totally uncomfortable with the growth on their